UT takes the position that the contract can be awarded directly to Acal BFi due to the absence of competition for technical reasons within the meaning of Article 2.32 paragraph 1 sub b bullet 2 Public Procurement Act 2012. According to UT, there is also no reasonable alternative or substitute within the meaning of Article 2.32 paragraph 3 Public Procurement Act 2012 that can meet the reasonable requirements of UT, as stated below: Requirements -The camera should have at least 1.3 megapixel resolution (1280*1024) such that a large number of length-scales can be resolved. -The camera should have at least 31kfps recording rate at full resolution (with global shutter such as to prevent rolling shutter), and should be able to also increase frame-rate for reduced FOV experiments where even faster time-scales needs to be resolved though at the cost of resolution. -The camera should have a temporal dark noise of 7e- or better. -High sensitivity with low noise (ISO 40000 or higher and a quantum-efficiency of 57% or better) such that a relatively small amount of light can be used to observe high-speed events (existing infrastructure includes a high-speed laser for illumination). -12 bit recording mode such that the flow and details can be recorded with large dynamic range  (the combination of low temporal noise, high sensitivity ensures that at high speeds clean recordings can be made of tiny (fluorescent) tracer particles with minimal light). -The camera should have a F and C mount such as to be compatible with existing optics. -The camera should have 3/8-16 UNC (tripod thread) and M4, M5, M6, or M8 mounting screws on the body to rigidly install the device in our setups. -The size of the camera should be limited to 300 mm * 200 mm * 200 mm such that is fits in our set-ups. -The camera should be monochrome without any Bayer filter (to minimize light loss). -The camera should be able to operate between 0–30 degrees Celsius (high room temperatures and down to zero for use inside a cold room). -The camera should have a large memory (more than 100GB) such that long recordings can be made (needed to resolve long-time statistics and to capture rare events that are more common in turbulence than one would expect from normally-distributed events). -The camera should have a variety of input and output signals to trigger and operate it with external hardware (lasers, function generators, trigger-boxes etc): TTL, Sync in/out, SW IN. -The camera should use USB-C or ethernet connection to download the images from the software. -The camera should be compatible with the PFV4 software such that it can operate with existing hardware infrastructure and that the cameras can be programmed and operated using the same software, including doing image calibration to reprogram the CMOS chip to remove noise (“black calibration” or “shading calibration”).